Nov 08, 2024 in News Legal News

Legal News: Is an E-Bike Considered a Motor Vehicle in Ontario?

Are e-bikes considered motor vehicles in Ontario? That depends. E-bike laws vary by provice, and Ontario has a clearly defined methodology for determining if an e-bike qualifies as a motor vehicle. Our e-bike accident lawyers explain.

What is an E-Bike Under Ontario Law?

In Ontario, an e-bike is defined as a power-assisted bicycle that includes an electric motor to help the rider pedal. These bikes provide an extra boost while pedalling. However, not all bikes with motors qualify as e-bikes under Ontario law.

To be recognized as a legal e-bike, it must meet several requirements:

 
• Maximum assisted speed: 32 km/h
• Maximum weight: 120 kg (includes the weight of the bike and battery)
• Electric motor limit: 500 watts
• No modifications allowed: The motor cannot be altered to exceed the power or speed limits.
• Minimum wheel size: 35 mm width and 350 mm diameter
• Braking system: Two independent braking systems that can bring the bike to a complete stop within 9 metres from a speed of 30 km/h on a level asphalt surface.

All electrical components of the e-bike must also be securely attached and insulated to ensure safe operation. Additionally, riders must be at least 16 years old and wear an approved bicycle or motorcycle helmet while operating an e-bike.

It's important to note that any modifications to these specifications can change the classification of the bike, making it a motor vehicle, which brings additional legal requirements.

When is an E-Bike Considered a Motor Vehicle in Ontario?

Modifications are the main factor that can transform an e-bike into a motor vehicle.

Motor Modifications: If the motor’s power is increased beyond 500 watts or the assisted speed exceeds 32 km/h, the e-bike is considered a motor vehicle.

Removing Pedals: An e-bike without pedals is automatically reclassified as a motor vehicle under Ontario law.

Regulatory Impact: Once reclassified as a motor vehicle, you’re required to have a driver’s licence, insurance, and registration to legally operate it on public roads.

Other than modifying your e-bike, another way you can fall foul of the law is if you purchase it from another country, explain personal injury lawyers in Toronto. The State of California, for example, permits e-bikes to have motors of up to 750 watts. In California, that would be considered an e-bike, in Ontario it would be classified as a motor vehicle.

Remember, riding a modified e-bike that no longer meets the legal definition can lead to fines and penalties, just like any other improperly licensed or unregistered motor vehicle. 

Places You Cannot Ride E-Bikes Whether or Not They're Classified as Motor Vehicles

While e-bikes are generally permitted to operate on most roads in Ontario, there are a few exceptions. E-bikes cannot be ridden on 400-series highways, expressways, or any other areas where traditional bicycles are prohibited.

Additionally, municipalities have the authority to set their own rules regarding e-bike usage. This means some cities may restrict the use of e-bikes on certain streets, bike lanes, or trails.

For instance, “scooter-style” e-bikes, which look more like mopeds or motorcycles, can be banned from specific bike paths and multi-use trails. Read more about where you can and cannot use e-bikes in Toronto in this article.

Have You Been Involved in an E-Bike Accident?

E-bikes have caught on fast and furiously. Unfortunately, education about safe e-bike use and for car drivers has not. Many organizations, such as the Canadian Paediatric Society, warn of rising e-bike accidents across the country.

If you or someone you know has been injured in an e-bike accident, speak to our Toronto personal injury lawyers today. Our injury lawyers in Toronto represent both e-bike riders and other road users, helping them receive compensation for their injuries, pain and suffering. You do not need to have your own insurance to receive accident benefits for your injury.